超临界流体一般指用于溶解物质的超临界状态溶剂,当该溶剂处于气态和液态平衡时,流体密度和饱和蒸汽密度相同,气液界面消失,该消失点称为临界点,而在临界点以上的区域称为超临界状态区域。
超临界流体具有类似气体的扩散性及液体的溶解能力,同时具有黏度和表面张力低的特性。很多物质都能够进入超临界状态,采用二氧化碳超流体的主要原因是由于二氧化碳的超临界状态比较容易实现(T>31.19℃,P>7.38MPa),并且超临界二氧化碳没有腐蚀性,不可燃,无毒,无臭,价格比较低,可以循环使用,不污染环境。
超临界二氧化碳流体既具有气体的部分性质,又具有液体的部分性质。超临界二氧化碳流体具有以下特点:
(1)黏度极小,相当于气体的黏度,具有良好的传递性和快速的移动能力;
(2)具有较大的扩散力,是液体扩散能力的100倍以上;
(3)表面张力很小,可以进入狭缝和微槽中进行清洗;
(4)对材料表面的有机污物和一些无机污物具有较强的溶解能力。
一般来讲,超临界流体的密度越大,其溶解度就越大。在恒温下,超临界流体中物质的溶解度随着压力升高而增大。实际应用中,通过改变超临界二氧化碳的压力和温度,使溶质与二氧化碳达到互溶的平衡状态,然后经分离装置减压后,即可使超临界二氧化碳的密度处于与溶质不平衡的状态,溶解能力下降,溶质与二氧化碳分离析出,所需溶质被提取出来。
超临界二氧化碳的溶解对象一般限于非极性或弱极性物质,可以通过掺加极性溶剂来改变其极性,使其对不同的溶质具有不同的溶解性能。
主要技术参数:
工作压力: 25MPa
工作温度:室温-85℃
CO2泵流量:50mL/min,压力30MPa
夹带剂泵:10mL/min,压力30MPa
压力测试量程40MPa 精度0.25级
设备及控制系统均需可靠接地,接地电阻小于4Ω
总功率:4KW
Supercritical fluid generally refers to the supercritical solvent used to dissolve substances. When the solvent is in equilibrium between gas and liquid, the fluid density and saturated vapor density are the same, and the gas-liquid interface disappears, which is called the critical point, while the area above the critical point is called the supercritical state area.
Supercritical fluid has similar diffusibility to gas and solubility to liquid, and has the characteristics of low viscosity and surface tension. Many substances can enter the supercritical state. The main reason for adopting carbon dioxide superfluid is that the supercritical state of carbon dioxide is relatively easy to realize (T>31.19℃, P>7.38MPa), and supercritical carbon dioxide is non-corrosive, non-flammable, non-toxic, odorless, low in price, recyclable and does not pollute the environment.
Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid has some properties of both gas and liquid. Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid has the following characteristics:
(1) the viscosity is extremely small, which is equivalent to the viscosity of gas, and it has good transmissibility and fast moving ability;
(2) It has a large diffusion force, which is more than 100 times that of liquid;
(3) The surface tension is very small, so it can be cleaned in slits and micro-grooves;
(4) It has strong dissolving ability for organic dirt and some inorganic dirt on the surface of materials.
Generally speaking, the greater the density of supercritical fluid, the greater its solubility. At constant temperature, the solubility of substances in supercritical fluid increases with the increase of pressure. In practical application, by changing the pressure and temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide, solute and carbon dioxide can reach a mutually soluble equilibrium state, and then after decompression by a separation device, the density of supercritical carbon dioxide can be in an unbalanced state with solute, the solubility is reduced, solute and carbon dioxide are separated and precipitated, and the required solute is extracted.
The dissolved object of supercritical carbon dioxide is generally limited to nonpolar or weakly polar substances, and its polarity can be changed by adding polar solvents, so that it has different solubility for different solutes.
Main technical parameters:
Working pressure: 25MPa
Working temperature: room temperature -85℃
CO2 pump flow: 50mL/min, pressure 30MPa.
Entrainer pump: 10mL/min, pressure 30MPa.
The pressure test range is 40MPa, and the accuracy is 0.25.
Equipment and control system shall be reliably grounded, and the grounding resistance shall be less than 4Ω.
Total power: 4KW
南通立凯机电工程有限公司专业设计、制造、销售超临界流体设备和石油科研仪器。产品主要包括:
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